# Cultural Adaptation and One-Year Follow-Up of the Mom-to-Mom Program Among Minority Arab Bedouin Women: Addressing Postpartum Depression

## TL;DR

A culturally adapted mental health program for Bedouin women in Israel reduced postpartum depression symptoms significantly over one year.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates the effectiveness of culturally adapted mental health interventions for minority populations.

## Key findings

- PPD symptoms decreased significantly from 45% to 19.8% after one year in the program.
- 75% of participants were referred by healthcare professionals, and 30% of those with high PPD scores were referred to mental health services.
- The program led to the establishment of the first M2M center in a Bedouin community in the Negev.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: There is a growing need for programs addressing perinatal mental health, particularly for new mothers. Postpartum depression (PPD) may occur during pregnancy or within the first year postpartum, with both short- and long-term negative consequences for both mothers and their infants. This study describes the cultural adaptation, implementation, and one-year follow-up of the Mom-to-Mom (M2M) program for minority Bedouin women in Southern Israel. Methods: We conducted a community-based intervention (M2M) emphasizing cultural adaptation. Outreach efforts were conducted in collaboration with healthcare professionals to encourage referral to the M2M program. A total of 111 mothers completed a self-administered questionnaire that included socio-demographic characteristics and PPD symptoms (PPDs) at two time points: prior to the intervention (Time-1) and one year after participating in the program (Time-2). PPD was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), using a score cutoff of ≥10. Results: There was a significant decrease in PPDs (EPDS ≥ 13) between Time-1 and Time-2 after one year of follow-up in the M2M program (from 45% to 19.8%). Of the participants, 75% were referred to the program by healthcare professionals. Among those with EPDS ≥ 10, 30% were referred to mental health services. This program provided education, professional support, and led to the establishment of the first M2M center within a Bedouin community, located in the Negev (Naqab). Conclusions: The results emphasize the importance of culturally sensitive approaches to increase awareness, early diagnosis, and professional support in addressing PPD, tailored to a cultural context. Culturally adapted programs can be effective in minority populations and contribute to reducing disparities in maternal mental health care.