# Bio-Based Mulching Films and Soil Conditioners for Non-Irrigated Tomato Cultivation: Toward Plastic-Free and Water-Efficient Crop Production

## TL;DR

This study explores bio-based mulching films and soil conditioners for growing tomatoes without irrigation, aiming to reduce plastic use and improve water efficiency.

## Contribution

The study introduces novel bio-based mulching films and soil conditioners made from xanthan gum, gelatine, and wood fibres for sustainable tomato cultivation.

## Key findings

- GEL-based mulching films increased total fruit yield by 50% on average compared to the control.
- XG-based soil conditioners improved fruit yield in soils with higher organic content.
- GEL-based films retained consistency better than XG-based films, indicating slower biodegradation.

## Abstract

This study examined the impact of different bio-based and biodegradable mulching films (TSCs) and soil conditioners (SCs) on plant productivity and fruit quality in a tomato cultivation trial under non-irrigated conditions. In particular, different TSCs were developed based on xanthan gum (XG) or gelatine (GEL) mixed with wood fibres (WFs), while SCs were produced using XG and cellulose fibres. A total of 72 plants of Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme were planted. The yield and number of fruits were measured at harvest, followed by physico-chemical analyses, while plant root systems were examined at the end of the experimental period. The results highlighted that the GEL-based TSCs improved the total fruit yield compared to the control (+50% on average). Furthermore, improved fruit yield was also observed for the XG-based SCs when applied in the soil with a higher organic content. Overall, no significant differences in fruit quality (i.e., Brix degree, carotenoids, lutein and potassium content) and plant root system parameters were found for all the treatments applied. At the end of the test, it was noticed that GEL-based films substantially retained their consistency due to their greater density and thickness, while XG-based films were more disintegrated, indicating higher biodegradation.