# Selective Paracrine Modulation of Stromal Cells: Wharton’s Jelly MSC Secretome Enhances Adipose-Derived MSC Functionality While Maintaining Dermal Fibroblast Quiescence

## TL;DR

Wharton’s jelly MSC secretome enhances the function of adipose-derived MSCs without affecting fibroblast activity, offering potential for regenerative therapies.

## Contribution

The study reveals the selective enhancement of AD-MSC functionality by WJ-MSC secretome while maintaining fibroblast quiescence.

## Key findings

- WJ-MSC secretome increased AD-MSC spreading area by ~30% without altering cell shape.
- Secretome selectively stimulated AD-MSC proliferation and collagen secretion without affecting HDFs.
- Secretome enhanced migration in both AD-MSCs and HDFs, suggesting a paracrine pro-migratory effect.

## Abstract

Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) secrete a rich array of paracrine factors including growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles that hold promises for regenerative medicine. This study evaluated the effects of WJ-MSC-derived secretome on adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), focusing on their adhesion, spreading, proliferation, endogenous collagen secretion, and migration. Morphometric analysis revealed that the secretome enhanced cell adhesion and spreading on rat tail collagen (RTC) substrates after 24 h. AD-MSCs showed a ~30% increase in the cell spreading area (from 4007 μm2 to 5081 μm2
p < 0.05), though without notable shape changes. In contrast, fetal bovine serum (FBS) promoted cell elongation with a reduced aspect ratio. Proliferation assays demonstrated a selective stimulatory effect of the secretome on AD-MSCs with a significant increase at day 3, while HDFs’ proliferation remained unchanged. Cell cycle profiling showed transient S-phase accumulation in AD-MSCs (24–48 h), followed by G0/G1 arrest (72 h), while HDFs remained in G0/G1. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the enhanced extracellular deposition of endogenously synthesized collagen in AD-MSCs, while no comparable response was observed in HDFs. Scratch assays showed increased migration in both cell types upon secretome exposure compared to collagen-only controls, suggesting a paracrine-mediated pro-migratory effect. These results demonstrate that WJ-MSC secretome boosts the regenerative capacity in AD-MSCs while keeping fibroblasts quiescent, highlighting its strong potential for cell-free therapies in tissue engineering, wound repair, and regenerative medicine.