# Real-Time and Selective Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Beef Samples Using a g-C3N4-Doped Multimetallic Perovskite-Based Electrochemical Aptasensor

## TL;DR

A new electrochemical sensor detects Pseudomonas aeruginosa in beef quickly and accurately, improving food safety.

## Contribution

First FeCoCuNiO-g-C3N4-based aptasensor for real-time bacterial detection in food samples.

## Key findings

- The aptasensor achieved a detection limit of 3.03 CFU mL−1 for P. aeruginosa.
- It demonstrated high selectivity and sensitivity in real beef samples.
- The sensor was fabricated using a sol–gel combustion method and a graphitic pencil electrode.

## Abstract

The alarming rise in foodborne illnesses, particularly those associated with microbial contamination in meat products, presents a serious challenge to global food safety. Among these microbial threats, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) poses a critical threat due to its biofilm-forming capability and prevalence in contaminated beef, highlighting its effective real-time detection. Herein, we report the fabrication of a novel electrochemical aptasensor based on multimetal perovskite (FeCoCuNiO) doped with urea-derived graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), synthesized via a sol–gel combustion method. The FeCoCuNiO-g-C3N4 nanocomposite was then coated onto a graphitic pencil electrode and functionalized with a DNA-based aptamer specific towards P. aeruginosa. The resulting aptasensor exhibited a low detection limit of 3.03 CFU mL−1 with high selectivity and sensitivity, and was successfully applied to real-time detection of P. aeruginosa in food samples. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first FeCoCuNiO-g-C3N4-based aptasensor for bacterial detection, offering a promising platform for food safety assurance and public health protection.