What Is the Involvement of Gut Microbiome in the Pathophysiology of Diabetes?

TL;DR

This review explores how gut microbes are linked to diabetes and its complications, and how they might help predict treatment outcomes.

Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent evidence on gut microbiome's role in diabetes and its therapeutic implications.

Findings

Gut microbiome changes are associated with diabetes and its complications.

Antidiabetic therapies can alter microbiome composition and activity.

Microbiome monitoring may help predict treatment response in diabetes.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) encompasses a group of metabolic diseases characterised by abnormal glucose levels. The pathophysiology of DM involves intricate disruptions in glucose metabolism and immune regulation. The gut microbiome is known to play a crucial role in human health and disease, and changes in its composition have been reported in numerous conditions, including DM. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and DM, including its complications. We highlight the involvement of gut microorganisms in inflammation and metabolic processes, and we summarise current evidence on how antidiabetic therapies influence microbiome composition and activity. Finally, we explore the potential role of microbiome monitoring in predicting treatment response.

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