# Trends in Neuropsychiatric Terminology Use Within Registered Clinical Trials for Multiple Sclerosis: A Retrospective Descriptive Analysis

## TL;DR

This study found that clinical trials for multiple sclerosis have increasingly included neuropsychiatric terms like fatigue and depression over time, but industry-funded trials are less likely to do so.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into the evolving inclusion of neuropsychiatric terminology in MS clinical trials and identifies a funding-related gap.

## Key findings

- The probability of including fatigue, depression, or anxiety in trials increased over time, but not pain.
- Industry-funded trials had 72% lower odds of including any neuropsychiatric term compared to non-industry-funded trials.
- Most trials that included neuropsychiatric terms explicitly studied them as outcomes.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are known to experience more neuropsychiatric (NP) conditions compared to the general population. Clinical trials are essential for deriving effective methods to manage these conditions in this patient population, thereby optimizing their quality of life. Here, we examined the temporal trends in the inclusion of NP terms in clinical trials of multiple sclerosis (MS) to provide insights into potential gaps in research. Methods: Using a custom Python-based program, we analyzed the inclusion of four a priori selected NP terms (fatigue, depression, pain, and anxiety) in the description section of clinical trials of MS registered in the clinicaltrials.gov database from January 2000 to October 2024. We investigated temporal trends by correlating unique mentions of NP terms with the trial start year and examined the association of trial factors with the inclusion of any or each NP term using separate multivariable logistic regression models. We further quantified the number of trials with NP terms that explicitly examined them as a study outcome. Results: Of the 2674 trials, 410 (15.3%) mentioned at least one of the four NP terms. Specifically, fatigue (n = 293 studies), depression (n = 115), pain (n = 98), and anxiety (n = 49) were mentioned. Overall, the probability of trials including fatigue, depression, or anxiety, but not pain, was found to increase over time. In multivariable regression, each 1-year increase in trial start year was associated with 6% (OR 1.06, 95%CI 1.03–1.09) higher odds of including at least one NP term. Industry funding was associated with 72% lower odds (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.20–0.39) of including any NP term. Among trials that included at least one of the four NP terms, 69.4–80.5% of them explicitly studied these terms as an outcome. Conclusions: Interest has increased over time in incorporating considerations on NP comorbidity in trials of pwMS. Industry-funded trials are less likely to include these considerations, which suggests a potential gap in trial design and funding resource allocation.