# Development and Characterization of Topical Gels Containing Lipid Nanosystems Loaded with Echinacea purpurea

## TL;DR

This study develops a topical gel using lipid nanosystems loaded with Echinacea purpurea extract to improve skin health through enhanced delivery and stability.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is the formulation of a Carbopol-based gel containing lipid nanosystems loaded with Echinacea purpurea extract for improved therapeutic efficacy.

## Key findings

- Lipid nanosystems encapsulating Echinacea purpurea extract showed high entrapment efficiency and stability.
- The gel formulation demonstrated sustained polyphenol release and favorable textural and pH properties.
- The lipid nanosystems exhibited superior biocompatibility and cytoprotective effects compared to free extract.

## Abstract

This study explores an innovative delivery strategy for the management of skin conditions: lipid nanosystems incorporated into a gel matrix. Echinacea purpurea extract, known for its antibacterial, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties, was encapsulated into lipid-based nanosystems and subsequently incorporated into Carbopol-based gel. The extract, rich in chicoric and caftaric acids, exhibited strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 56.9 µg/mL). The resulting nanosystems showed nanometric size (about 200 nm), high entrapment efficiency (63.10–75.15%), and excellent short-term stability. Superior biocompatibility of the nanosystems, compared to the free extract, was demonstrated using an MTS assay on L-929 fibroblasts. Moreover, the cytoprotective potential of the lipid carriers was evident, as pre-treatment significantly increased cell viability under H2O2-induced oxidative stress. These findings suggest that lipid-based encapsulation enhances the therapeutic profile of E. purpurea. The optimal lipid formulation was incorporated into a Carbopol-based gel, which demonstrated an appropriate pH (5.15 ± 0.75), favorable textural properties, sustained polyphenol release, and overall good stability. This research highlights the potential of plant-derived bioactives in the development of dermatocosmetic products, aligning with current trends in eco-conscious and sustainable skincare.