# Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B Modulates Cardiac Functions via Ferroptosis Pathways in Post-Myocardial Infarction

## TL;DR

This study shows that VEGFB protects heart cells after a heart attack by reducing cell death through ferroptosis pathways.

## Contribution

The study reveals a novel role of VEGFB-NRP1 signaling in modulating ferroptosis and enhancing cardiac survival post-MI.

## Key findings

- VEGFB overexpression protects zebrafish hearts from ischemic injury and promotes regeneration.
- VEGFB reduces ROS and ferroptosis while preserving mitochondrial integrity in cardiomyocytes.
- NRP1 is essential for VEGFB's protective effects, as its knockdown negates these benefits.

## Abstract

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, yet effective cardioprotective strategies remain limited in clinical settings. Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) has emerged as a promising therapeutic candidate in MI, but the role of its co-receptor, Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), in cardiomyocyte (CM) survival under ischemic stress remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated VEGFB-NRP1 signaling using an in vivo zebrafish model of cardiac injury as well as in vitro hypoxia models in CMs. We demonstrated that VEGFB overexpression conferred protection against ischemic injury and enhanced cardiac regeneration in the zebrafish heart. Mechanistically, we showed that VEGFB treatment enhances CM viability through reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), ferroptosis activation, and preserving mitochondrial integrity. We also demonstrated that NRP1 knockdown in the CMs abolished the VEGFB-mediated protective effects, indicating the significant role of NRP1 signaling in VEGFB-induced cardioprotective effects in MI. Lastly, using transcriptome analysis, we confirmed that VEGFB induces anti-apoptotic and anti-ferroptosis gene programs in CMs in response to hypoxic stress. Collectively, our findings provide mechanistic insight into cell death activation pathways, including ferroptosis, in response to ischemic stress and further validate the therapeutic potential of VEGFB in promoting CM survival in ischemic heart disease.