Rationally Designed Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Electrochemical Biosensor with Graphene Oxide Interface for Selective Detection of Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8)

TL;DR

This paper describes a new electrochemical biosensor that can selectively detect MMP-8, a biomarker for periodontal disease, using a graphene oxide interface and molecularly imprinted polymers.

Contribution

A rationally designed MIP biosensor with a graphene oxide interface for selective MMP-8 detection is developed and validated.

Findings

The GO interface improved conductivity and polymer film formation for stable MMP-8 recognition.

DFT modeling showed favorable interactions between EBT monomers and MMP-8 catalytic residues.

The biosensor demonstrated selectivity against structurally similar interferents.

Abstract

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) biosensors offer an attractive strategy for selective biomolecule detection, yet imprinting proteins with structural fidelity remains a major challenge. In this work, we present a rationally designed electrochemical biosensor for matrix metal-loproteinase-8 (MMP-8), a key salivary biomarker of periodontal disease. By integrating graphene oxide (GO) with electropolymerized poly(eriochrome black T, EBT) films on screen-printed carbon electrodes, the partially reduced GO interface enhanced electrical conductivity and facilitated the formation of well-defined poly(EBT) films with re-designed polymerization route, while template extraction generated artificial antibody-like sites capable of specific protein binding. The MIP-based electrodes were comprehensively validated through morphological, spectroscopic, and electrochemical analyses, demonstrating stable and selective recognition of MMP-8 against structurally similar interferents. Complementary density functional theory (DFT) modeling revealed energetically favorable interactions between the EBT monomer and catalytic residues of MMP-8, providing molecular-level insights into imprinting specificity. These experimental and computational findings highlight the importance of rational monomer selection and nanomaterial-assisted polymerization in achieving selective protein imprinting. This work presents a systematic approach that integrates electrochemical engineering, nanomaterial interfaces, and computational validation to address long-standing challenges in protein-based MIP biosensors. By bridging molecular design with practical sensing performance, this study advances the translational potential of MIP-based electrochemical biosensors for point-of-care applications.

Figures