# Inhibitory Effect of S0859 on the Antioxidant Master Switch Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Lung Cancer Cells

## TL;DR

This study shows that S0859 inhibits NRF2 activity in lung cancer cells, reducing their ability to defend against oxidative stress and migrate.

## Contribution

The study identifies S0859 as a potential NRF2 inhibitor with anti-cancer properties in lung cancer cells.

## Key findings

- S0859 impairs ERK activation and NRF2 nuclear translocation in A549 cells.
- Oxidative stress with S0859 disrupts NRF2-mediated defense and migration in lung cancer cells.
- NF-κB phosphorylation is essential for maintaining NBCn1 function in A549 cells.

## Abstract

Cancer cells possess endogenous antioxidant systems such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). The electroneutral sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCn1, known as a migratory module, is closely associated with cancer metastasis; however, its regulatory signaling in cancer remains unclear. In particular, the regulation of NBCn1 in response to oxidative stress and its relationship with NRF2 need to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that hydrogen peroxide–induced oxidative stress dysregulated NBCn1 via inhibition of NF-κB, thereby suppressing cellular migration in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Phosphorylation of NF-κB was required for maintaining NBCn1 function in A549 cells. Oxidative stress also induced NRF2 nuclear translocation, reduced NBC activity, and activated oxidative stress–responsive gene expression. Treatment with the NBC inhibitor S0859 impaired ERK activation, NRF2 nuclear translocation, and oxidative stress defense gene expression in A549 cells. Furthermore, oxidative stimulation in the presence of S0859 disrupted the NRF2-mediated oxidative stress defense system and cellular migration in A549 lung cancer cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that S0859, as a potential NRF2 inhibitor, may exert anti-cancer properties.