# Antibiotic Alternatives and Next-Generation Therapeutics for Salmonella Control: A One Health Approach to Combating Antimicrobial Resistance

## TL;DR

This paper explores new non-antibiotic treatments for Salmonella infections to combat antimicrobial resistance and protect both human and animal health.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a One Health approach using next-generation therapeutics like bacteriophages and immunomodulators to replace traditional antibiotics.

## Key findings

- Emerging non-antibiotic therapies show promise in inhibiting Salmonella without harming the microbiota.
- Combining delivery systems and dosage strategies could improve the effectiveness of these alternatives.
- Precision therapeutics may align with sustainable food safety and One Health goals.

## Abstract

The growing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance has significantly compromised the efficacy of conventional antibiotic-based interventions in controlling Salmonella infections across human and veterinary settings. This growing challenge necessitates a strategic rethinking of pathogen control, prompting the integration of next-generation therapeutics capable of disrupting Salmonella pathogenesis through novel, antibiotic-sparing mechanisms. In this context, a diverse array of emerging alternatives, including bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, prebiotics, short-chain fatty acids, nanoparticles, and host-directed immunomodulators, have gained prominence as a promising frontier in non-antibiotic therapeutics. These modalities offer targeted approaches to inhibit Salmonella colonization, virulence expression, and persistence, while minimizing collateral damage to the microbiota and avoiding the propagation of resistance genes. As Salmonella continues to pose a global threat to animal and public health, the development of scalable, resistance-conscious interventions remains a critical priority. Ongoing research efforts are increasingly focused on optimizing delivery systems, dosage strategies, and synergistic combinations to enhance the clinical and field applicability of these alternatives. By harnessing these innovative modalities, the future of Salmonella control may shift toward precision therapeutics that align with One Health principles and sustainable food safety goals.