# Exploring Older Adults’ Interest in Virtual Volunteering: Evidence from a Multi-Theoretical Model Combining TAM, Self-Efficacy, and Digital Divide Perspectives

## TL;DR

This study explores why older adults are interested in virtual volunteering, finding that perceived usefulness of technology and willingness to learn are key factors.

## Contribution

The study introduces a multi-theoretical model combining TAM, self-efficacy, and digital divide perspectives to explain virtual volunteering interest in older adults.

## Key findings

- Preference for virtual activities and interest in technology training are key predictors of virtual volunteering interest.
- Self-efficacy's influence diminishes when controlling for other factors like perceived usefulness of digital tools.
- Program design should focus on usability and support to reduce technological and motivational barriers for older adults.

## Abstract

The digital transformation of civic life has created new opportunities for older adults to engage in virtual volunteer activities. However, their participation still remains limited. This study investigates the factors that influence older adults’ interest in virtual volunteering. It integrated theoretical framework combining the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Self-Efficacy, and Digital Divide Theories to examine the drivers of virtual volunteerism interest among this target population. This study presents ordered logistic regression models with data on 814 adult volunteers in multiple imputation procedures. The final reduced model identifies two key predictors: a preference for virtual activities and interest in technology training, respectively, representing TAM and the Digital Divide Theory. While the self-efficacy-related variable showed statistical significance in earlier models, its explanatory power diminished when controlling for other factors. The findings indicate that older adults’ interest in virtual volunteering is primarily shaped by perceived usefulness of digital tools and their willingness to improve technical competence. This study confirms the relevance of the TAM and Digital Divide theories regarding virtual volunteerism. In practical terms, the findings indicate that program design should combine usability-focused platform features and targeted support that lower both technological and motivational barriers for older adults interested in virtual volunteering.