# Watching the Russian–Ukrainian War: Comparison Between Europe and North America

## TL;DR

This study compares how university students in Europe and North America psychologically react to watching the Russian-Ukrainian war on media.

## Contribution

The study reveals differences in psychological distress and media consumption between European and North American participants.

## Key findings

- European participants spent more hours watching the war and experienced greater distress than North Americans.
- Worry about the war increased with more hours spent watching it, especially for those with connections in Ukraine or Russia.
- Self-efficacy was found to reduce anxiety related to the war.

## Abstract

Reports indicate that millions of people have been watching the Russian–Ukrainian war that broke out on 24 February 2022. This research studies the relationship between watching the war and psychological reactions in 1260 university students who responded to an online questionnaire related to watching the war on various media forms. Data were collected from April to October 2022 from five national samples from Europe (Germany, Finland, and the Czech Republic) and North America (Canada and the U.S.). Since European countries are assumed to have greater ties with the countries at war, anxiety, anger, and denial while watching the war should be greater in European participants than in North American ones. Worry about the war should be greater when more hours are spent watching the war, and anxiety related to the war should decrease with self-efficacy. ANOVA results showed that European participants spent more hours watching the war, worried more, and experienced greater distress than North American ones. Path analysis showed that having relatives, friends, or colleagues in Ukraine or Russia was associated with worry about the war through hours spent watching it. Self-efficacy was negatively related to anxiety. Psychological distress related to watching the war was far-reaching, extending to countries beyond Ukraine and Russia.