# When Emerging Fungal Infections Mimic Tuberculosis: First Reported Case of Invasive Emergomyces europaeus Infection in a Man With Immunocompromise Living in France

## TL;DR

This paper reports the first case of a rare fungal infection in an immunocompromised man in France, which was mistaken for tuberculosis.

## Contribution

The study presents the first documented case of invasive Emergomyces europaeus infection in France.

## Key findings

- Emergomyces europaeus infection was identified in a man with immunocompromise.
- The infection involved both the lungs and bone marrow.
- Molecular tools were essential for diagnosis due to the infection's resemblance to tuberculosis.

## Abstract

Emergomycosis is an emerging thermally dimorphic fungal infection primarily observed in individuals with HIV and is associated with cutaneous, pulmonary, or disseminated manifestations. We report the first case of invasive infection by Emergomyces europaeus involving both the lungs and bone marrow in a person with immunocompromise, identified through molecular tools.

We report the first documented case of invasive infection by Emergomyces europaeus involving both pulmonary and bone marrow sites in a man with immunocompromise, diagnosed through molecular techniques. This case is remarkable for its epidemiological rarity, its clinical presentation mimicking tuberculosis, the diagnostic complexity requiring advanced molecular tools, and the innovative therapeutic approach using novel antifungal agents.