# Experiences of informal caregivers supporting individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder: a systematic review and thematic synthesis

## TL;DR

This review explores the challenges faced by unpaid caregivers of people with bipolar disorder and highlights the need for better support and communication.

## Contribution

The study provides a thematic synthesis of qualitative data on informal caregivers' experiences specific to bipolar disorder.

## Key findings

- Caregivers face emotional, physical, and practical challenges due to the unpredictable nature of bipolar disorder.
- Healthcare systems often fail to provide adequate communication and support for caregivers.
- Improved societal awareness and tailored support for caregivers are urgently needed.

## Abstract

To identify, appraise, and synthesise qualitative studies exploring the experiences of informal caregivers (unpaid individuals providing emotional and or practical care) supporting individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD), and to identify any emotional, practical, or informational needs.

Ovid, MEDLINE, Scopus, PsychINFO and CINAHL were searched from 1980 to January 2025. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were peer viewed, published in English, used qualitative data collection and analysis, had data on the experiences of caregivers (aged 18 or above) supporting individuals with BD (aged 14 or above), and were conducted in western countries with individualistic cultures. Studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Data were analysed using thematic synthesis.

Fourteen papers were included in the review. Three analytical themes: ‘challenges of caregiving’, ‘healthcare system challenges’, and ‘coping with the shifting landscape’ were identified, encompassing six descriptive themes and three supporting subthemes.

Caregivers supporting individuals with BD face complex emotional and physical challenges, coupled with significant imposed losses and responsibilities. The relapsing and unpredictable nature of BD can exacerbate caregiver demands. There is a need for increased societal awareness of BD, improved communication and collaboration between mental health services and caregivers, and improved support for caregiver wellbeing. Further research exploring cultural, gender, and role specific needs of caregivers is warranted.