# Zoonotic bacteria in invasive California Kingsnake Lampropeltis californiae from Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain

## TL;DR

Invasive California kingsnakes in the Canary Islands carry harmful bacteria that pose a health risk to humans and animals.

## Contribution

This study identifies high prevalence of zoonotic bacteria in invasive California kingsnakes in Gran Canaria.

## Key findings

- 98% of California kingsnakes tested positive for at least one zoonotic bacteria.
- Salmonella spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica were most commonly detected.
- The presence of these bacteria poses a health threat to pet owners and the environment.

## Abstract

Invasive species can spread pathogens to newly colonised areas and indirectly affect animals and humans. In the Canary Islands territory (Spain), the California kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae) is one of the most relevant invasive species because its predatory habits, however, there is scarce information about the microorganisms they carry and the risk to human health, for that reason, and considering previous data on the pathogens harboured by exotic reptiles in the archipelago, the aim of this study was to analyse the presence of pathogenic bacteria in these animals.

Fifty L. californiae specimens from Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands, Spain) were examined for zoonotic bacteria. For that purpose, faecal samples were obtained during the necropsy of the animals and inoculated in different selective agar media. If bacterial growth was observed, bacterial colonies were subjected to DNA extraction. The species were confirmed using PCR methods and band pattern comparison.

Almost all, 49 out of 50 (98%), of the studied animals were positive for at least one of the selected bacteria. Salmonella spp. (76.0%, 38/50), Yersinia enterocolitica (58.0%, 29/50), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (42.0%, 21/50), Campylobacter spp. (34.0%, 17/50) and Escherichia coli virulence genes (stx and eae) (16.0%, 8/50) were identified.

The presence of well-known zoonotic bacteria in L. californiae from Gran Canaria suppose a threat to people that use them as pets, especially children, elderly, and animal handlers, since they cause gastrointestinal symptoms that can lead to severe complications and invasive infections. In addition to that, these colubrids could also spread pathogens to other animals and the environment, adding to the notorious problem of biodiversity losses due to predation of native fauna.