# In vitro screening of nutrients regulating sheep intramuscular angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and lipid deposition using an organoid model

## TL;DR

This study identifies nutrients that influence fat deposition in sheep meat using a 3D organoid model, offering insights for improving meat quality through diet.

## Contribution

A novel 3D organoid model was used to screen nutrients regulating intramuscular fat deposition in sheep.

## Key findings

- Vitamins C, E, K1, and others stimulated angiogenesis and lipid accumulation in sheep organoids.
- Vitamins B9, D, K2, taurine, and sodium butyrate inhibited angiogenesis.
- Selected nutrients enhanced adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation, suggesting potential for nutritional optimization in livestock.

## Abstract

The deposition of intramuscular fat (IMF) in livestock can enhance the flavor and tenderness of meat products, significantly increasing consumer satisfaction. To achieve this industrial trait, this study investigated the regulatory effects of 20 dietary nutrients on sheep IMF deposition using a 3D organoid culture model.

Key nutrients enhancing angiogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, and lipid accumulation were identified through assessments of capillary sprouts development, mRNA expression, and Oil Red O staining. Vitamins C (VC), E (VE), and K1 (VK1), guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), leucine (Leu), lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), tryptophan (Trp), α-linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA), cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (c9, t11-CLA), acetic acid (HAc), and sodium acetate (NaAc) stimulated while vitamins B9 (VB9), D (VD), K2 (VK2), taurine (Tau), and sodium butyrate (NaBu) inhibited angiogenesis (P < 0.05). Furthermore, VC, VE, VK1, VK2, GAA, Leu, NCG, Trp, ALA, LA, and HAc enhanced adipocyte differentiation, with VE, VK1, GAA, Leu, LA, and HAc additionally elevating lipid accumulation (P < 0.05).

Various nutrients play distinct regulatory roles in angiogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, and lipid accumulation. These findings provide a roadmap for further optimizing the production of marbled meat through nutritional intervention in actual livestock breeding production.