# Structured engineering of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) via 3D printing: Comprehensive review

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how 3D printing can be used to create personalized drug delivery systems that release medication in a controlled way.

## Contribution

The paper provides a pioneering review of combining 3D printing with self-emulsifying drug delivery systems.

## Key findings

- 3D printing offers benefits like personalized dosing and controlled drug release.
- Techniques like FDM, SSE, and DoD have potential but face material and regulatory challenges.
- Current research on 3D-printed SEDDS is limited and needs further exploration.

## Abstract

The combination of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) with three-dimensional printing (3DP) technologies represents an innovative and promising strategy for developing personalised dosage forms. Through precise control over dosage form architecture, controlled drug release kinetics, and individualised therapeutic customisation, 3DP offers distinct and transformative advantages over conventional pharmaceutical formulation approaches. This review focuses on the application of modern 3DP techniques, specifically fused deposition modelling (FDM), semi-solid extrusion (SSE), and drop-on-demand (DoD), in the formulation and production of SEDDS. Each technique is critically evaluated in terms of formulation compatibility, operational mechanisms, and its potential to address the current manufacturing challenges associated with SEDDS. 3DP technologies offer several benefits, including enhanced flexibility in production, the ability to fabricate on demand, and the potential to accommodate complex and personalised therapeutic regimens. However, these methods also face notable limitations, such as material constraints, variability in print quality, mechanical and safety issues, and a lack of clear regulatory guidance. Despite their potential, the use of 3DP in SEDDS development remains relatively unexplored. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape, identify existing technological and regulatory barriers, and discuss future prospects for integrating 3DP into next-generation SEDDS formulations.

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•Provides a pioneering review on combining 3D printing of SEDDS.•Critically analyses 3DP techniques (FDM, PAM/SSE, DoD) for formulation compatibility and potential.•Highlights benefit for personalised dosing, combination therapy, and controlled release.•Identifies the limitations: material constraints, print variability, and regulatory gaps.•Outlines the future research directions to advance 3D-printed SEDDS.

Provides a pioneering review on combining 3D printing of SEDDS.

Critically analyses 3DP techniques (FDM, PAM/SSE, DoD) for formulation compatibility and potential.

Highlights benefit for personalised dosing, combination therapy, and controlled release.

Identifies the limitations: material constraints, print variability, and regulatory gaps.

Outlines the future research directions to advance 3D-printed SEDDS.