# Perceived discrimination among people of colour and minorities in European neurosurgery: A survey-based study

## TL;DR

This study explores discrimination experiences among minority and migrant neurosurgeons in Europe, finding that institutional policies addressing discrimination are often lacking.

## Contribution

This is the first survey-based study examining perceived discrimination in European neurosurgery, focusing on migration and minority status.

## Key findings

- 40% of respondents were migrants, and 17% identified as ethnic or religious minorities.
- No statistical correlation was found between discrimination scores and gender, minority status, or migration status.
- Institutional structures to address discrimination were often unknown or absent among respondents.

## Abstract

European neurosurgery is becoming increasingly diverse. However, professionals from minority and migrant backgrounds may encounter discrimination. Empirical data on these experiences remain limited.

This study assesses the prevalence and nature of perceived discrimination among minority and migrant neurosurgical professionals across Europe. It evaluates whether migration status, self-identified minority status, and gender are associated with differences in perceived discrimination.

A 30-item online survey was disseminated through the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies. Items addressed demographic details, professional background, perceived discrimination, reporting behavior, and institutional policies. Perceived discrimination was measured using a five-point Likert scale assessing frequency of discrimination based on ethnic origin or immigrant background. Mann-Whitney U tests were employed for group comparisons due to the ordinal nature of the data. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Among 105 respondents, 42 (40 %) were classified as migrants, and 18 (17 %) self-identified as ethnic or religious minorities. Unexpectedly, migrant status, minority status and female gender did not statistically correlate with self-reported experience of discrimination. Institutional structures to address discrimination were often unknown or absent.

Migration status and self-identified minority status or gender, was most strongly associated with perceived discrimination. These findings highlight the importance of understanding invisible forms of bias and the complex intersection of identity, nationality, and institutional culture.

•First survey on perceived discrimination in European neurosurgery.•40 % of respondents were migrants; 17 % identified as minorities.•No link between discrimination scores and gender or minority status.•Institutional anti-discrimination structures often unknown or absent.

First survey on perceived discrimination in European neurosurgery.

40 % of respondents were migrants; 17 % identified as minorities.

No link between discrimination scores and gender or minority status.

Institutional anti-discrimination structures often unknown or absent.