Potential of interleukin-7 in sepsis as a biomarker and therapeutic agent: a narrative review

TL;DR

This review explores how interleukin-7 (IL-7) could serve as a biomarker and treatment for sepsis, based on its role in immune function and inflammation.

Contribution

The paper reviews the dual potential of IL-7 as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic agent in sepsis.

Findings

Endogenous IL-7 levels increase in sepsis and may predict prognosis.

Exogenous IL-7 can enhance immune function and reduce apoptosis in sepsis.

Exogenous IL-7 does not reduce mortality in sepsis patients.

Abstract

This study seeks to examine the dynamics of endogenous interleukin-7 (IL-7) and its associated regulatory factors in sepsis, and to elucidate the mechanisms by which exogenous IL-7 may confer therapeutic benefits. The ultimate objective is to evaluate its dual potential as a clinical biomarker and as a novel therapeutic agent.

We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to April 24, 2025, using terms such as Interleukin-7, CD127, CYT107, interleukin-7 receptor, sepsis, septic shock, and lymphopenia.

In sepsis, endogenous IL-7 levels rise from a low baseline and may remain elevated for a prolonged period. Exogenous IL-7 can enhance immune function, regulate inflammation, and exert anti-apoptotic effects. Endogenous IL-7 levels may represent a potential prognostic indicator in sepsis. Exogenous IL-7 may modulate immune function in patients with clinical sepsis but does not reduce mortality.

Endogenous IL-7 is closely associated with sepsis, whereas exogenous IL-7 shows promise for aiding the recovery of patients with sepsis, although further research is required.

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