# Refining the safety assessment of newly expressed proteins in GMOs

## TL;DR

This paper discusses how new methods can improve safety assessments of proteins in GMOs, reducing the need for animal testing.

## Contribution

The paper highlights the integration of new approach methodologies (NAMs) into safety assessments of newly expressed proteins in GMOs.

## Key findings

- EFSA uses toxicity and allergenicity assessments to evaluate newly expressed proteins in GMOs.
- New methodologies can improve the robustness and scientific credibility of risk assessments.
- The integration of NAMs aligns with the 3Rs principles and aims to reduce animal testing.

## Abstract

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) carries out safety assessments of newly expressed proteins (NEPs) in genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Here, toxicity and allergenicity assessments are the cornerstone of NEP evaluation, ensuring that any potential health hazards are rigorously identified and characterised. Recent examples of EFSA’s NEP safety assessments illustrate how novel methodologies, alongside established ones reconsidered from new perspectives, guide case-by-case decisions. These advances provide an opportunity to improve the robustness, proportionality, and scientific credibility of risk assessments. Moreover, it may alleviate the need for in vivo animal testing. Building on this development, EFSA aims to integrate new approach methodologies (NAMs) into risk assessment to provide a scientific basis for waiving in vivo testing, aligning its approach with the 3Rs principles (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) and the European Commission’s roadmap for phasing out animal testing. Overall, this shift reflects a broader transformation in EFSA’s safety assessment of NEPs, characterised by openness to innovation, optimisation of existing methods, and ensuring preparedness for future risk assessment needs. The ultimate goal is to ensure the highest level of protection for human and animal health, while embracing scientific progress.