# Using plant electrical signals of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for water pollution monitoring

## TL;DR

This paper shows that water hyacinths can detect water pollution through changes in their electrical signals, offering a new way to monitor water quality in real time.

## Contribution

The novel use of bioelectrical signal analysis in water hyacinths for real-time water pollution monitoring.

## Key findings

- Water hyacinths' bioelectrical signals change in response to wastewater exposure.
- Time and frequency domain analyses reveal distinct signal patterns under pollution.
- Adaptive Gabor representation effectively captures joint time-frequency behavior.

## Abstract

Aquatic plants, such as water hyacinths, Eichhornia crassipes, are indicators of environmental changes. This study explores the response of water hyacinths to wastewater exposure by analyzing their bioelectrical signals. The analysis includes time, frequency, and joint time-frequency domains, evaluating the plant’s response to water quality variation. In the time domain, the Lempel-Ziv complexity analysis was used to demonstrate how the plant’s response evolves over time, while spectral entropy was used for frequency domain analysis. By using adaptive Gabor representation, the joint time-frequency behavior of the signal was evaluated. All these advanced digital signal processing techniques were used to evaluate the plant’s ability to detect and adapt to the presence of pollutants. The results show that water hyacinths can serve as part of a reliable instrumentation system for real-time aquatic ecosystem monitoring, as the plant’s bioelectrical signals changed both in the time domain and frequency domain.