# Epistemically unwarranted beliefs scale, development and evidence of validity in the Chilean population

## TL;DR

This study created a short, valid scale to measure beliefs in paranormal, pseudoscientific, and conspiracy ideas in the Chilean population.

## Contribution

A new brief scale for measuring epistemically unwarranted beliefs with strong validity evidence in a Latin American context.

## Key findings

- The EUBS consists of 9 items grouped into three factors with strong internal consistency.
- The scale showed gender invariance and validity through its relation with cognitive reflection and sociodemographic variables.
- The scale is not influenced by local factors and can be used across different populations.

## Abstract

The study of epistemically unwarranted beliefs (EUB) (i.e., paranormal, pseudoscientific and conspiracy beliefs) has become relevant due to the negative effects they have produced on people’s health, as evidenced in the covid-19 pandemic. However, there is no instrument with appropriate and updated validity evidence for its evaluation in Latin American people. Because of this, the present study aims to develop a brief scale to analyze general epistemically unwarranted beliefs that do not depend on local factors. A total of 634 adults from five Chilean cities participated in the study of whom 93.8% (n = 575) were university students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the final structure of the Epistemically Unwarranted Beliefs Scale (EUBS) considers 9 items with three related factors. In addition, results showed good internal consistency (CFI > .95; TLI > .95; RMSEA < .07), gender invariance, and evidence of validity based on the inverse relation with the cognitive reflection test and the relationship with sociodemographic variables (i.e., gender, political orientation, and religious orientation). Finally, implications for the theoretical construct and possible limitations of the scale are discussed.