# Demographic, economic, and social status and knowledge of medical and alternative cannabis use among Northeastern Thai citizens: a case study of outpatients at community hospitals along the Thai–Cambodian border

## TL;DR

This study explores cannabis use and knowledge among Thai outpatients near the Cambodian border, finding significant gaps in understanding its medical uses and side effects.

## Contribution

The study identifies knowledge gaps in medical cannabis use among border communities and proposes targeted communication strategies.

## Key findings

- Only 14.24% of respondents had prior cannabis use experience.
- Over 60% of participants were unaware of cannabis's therapeutic benefits or adverse effects.
- Knowledge gaps were more pronounced among health volunteers and lower education groups.

## Abstract

This study aimed to examine the demographic, economic, and social characteristics of the population in relation to their experiences with cannabis use and their accurate knowledge regarding its therapeutic properties and side effects when used in conjunction with conventional and alternative medicine and analyze the legal clarity concerning cannabis regulations and to propose communication strategies for effectively disseminating knowledge about its therapeutic properties and potential side effects when used for medical purposes.

A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted between March and August 2024 at a 30-bed community hospital along the Thai-Cambodian border. The sample included 618 Thai outpatients (429 females, 189 males) aged 18–86 years, selected via systematic structured interval-based sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face structured interviews using a validated questionnaire covering demographics, cannabis use history, and knowledge of medical uses and side effects.

Only 14.24% of respondents had prior cannabis use experience. While most were aware of cannabis legalization, a large proportion showed Limited understanding of its approved medical indications or side effects. Over 60% of participants answered “do not know” about therapeutic benefits or adverse effects. Differences in knowledge were found across age groups and education levels, but awareness was relatively low among health volunteers (Village Health Volunteers).

Despite policy liberalization, knowledge gaps concerning medical cannabis remain widespread, especially regarding its safe and appropriate use. The findings highlight the need for targeted public education, regulatory clarity, and culturally appropriate communication strategies to ensure safe usage and minimize health risks, particularly in sensitive border areas.