# Meleney's gangrene: A diagnostic pitfall in the context of lower lumbar hypoesthesia – A case study

## TL;DR

This case study highlights the dangers of delayed diagnosis of Meleney's gangrene, a rare but deadly infection, and emphasizes the need for prompt treatment to improve survival.

## Contribution

The paper presents a case of Meleney's gangrene in an immunocompetent patient, emphasizing the diagnostic challenges and fatal consequences of delayed intervention.

## Key findings

- Meleney's gangrene has a mortality rate of approximately 34%, rising to 90% in diabetic patients.
- Delayed diagnosis often leads to fatal outcomes due to the rapid progression of the infection.
- Prompt surgical debridement and broad-spectrum antibiotics are critical for improving survival.

## Abstract

Meleney's gangrene is one of the conditions classified under necrotizing “soft tissue infections”. This uncommon illness has a high fatality rate and requires immediate diagnosis, aggressive antibiotic therapy, and extensive debridement. The mortality rate associated with Meleney's gangrene is approximately 34 %.

Here we report the case of a 50-year-old immunocompetent woman, with no known comorbidities and no recent surgical history. She was initially diagnosed with a perineal abscess; however, after the infection worsened, she was later diagnosed with Meleney's synergistic gangrene. Immediate extensive debridement was performed, and empirical intravenous antibiotics were administered. Shortly after the procedure, and before regaining consciousness, the patient's condition rapidly deteriorated, and she succumbed to death.

Early identification of Meleney's gangrene, followed by prompt treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics and aggressive surgical debridement, is essential for improving outcomes. However, early diagnosis is often challenging, and considerable uncertainty may complicate the process. A delayed diagnosis of Meleney's gangrene significantly increases the risk of mortality.

This case is reported to highlight how delayed diagnosis and late intervention can result in a fatal outcome in cases of Meleney's gangrene. Effective treatment can be implemented only if early diagnosis of this rare form of gangrene is achieved.

•High Mortality Rate:Meleney's gangrene, also known as progressive bacterial synergistic gangrene, has a mortality rate that can be as high as 30-40%, and even higher (up to 90%) in patients with diabetes.•Delayed Diagnosis:The initial presentation of Meleney's gangrene often resembles cellulitis, making early diagnosis challenging. This delay in diagnosis significantly impacts mortality.•Importance of Early Aggressive Treatment:Prompt surgical debridement, combined with broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, is essential for managing this infection and improving patient survival.•Successful Outcomes with Aggressive Management:Case reports have shown that aggressive debridement, along with appropriate antibiotic therapy and supportive care, can lead to successful outcomes, even in severe case.The rapid progression and severity of Meleney's gangrene necessitate its recognition and timely intervention.Management is centered on a rapid and aggressive multidisciplinary approach.

High Mortality Rate:

Meleney's gangrene, also known as progressive bacterial synergistic gangrene, has a mortality rate that can be as high as 30-40%, and even higher (up to 90%) in patients with diabetes.

Delayed Diagnosis:

The initial presentation of Meleney's gangrene often resembles cellulitis, making early diagnosis challenging. This delay in diagnosis significantly impacts mortality.

Importance of Early Aggressive Treatment:

Prompt surgical debridement, combined with broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, is essential for managing this infection and improving patient survival.

Successful Outcomes with Aggressive Management:

Case reports have shown that aggressive debridement, along with appropriate antibiotic therapy and supportive care, can lead to successful outcomes, even in severe case.

The rapid progression and severity of Meleney's gangrene necessitate its recognition and timely intervention.

Management is centered on a rapid and aggressive multidisciplinary approach.