# Serum lactate and LDH are related with theta and gamma activities in bipolar disorder: a band-specific metabolic coupling

## TL;DR

This study finds a link between brain wave patterns and metabolic markers in bipolar disorder patients during remission.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific frequency band correlations between lactate/LDH levels and brain entropy measures in bipolar disorder.

## Key findings

- Lactate and LDH levels in the F7 theta band are linearly correlated.
- Negative correlations are found between lactate/LDH and gamma band entropy at O1, Fz, and Cz.
- Brain dynamics in theta and gamma bands are uniquely linked to metabolic stress in bipolar disorder.

## Abstract

Bipolar disorder includes features of a biphasic energy disregulation. Lactate and LDH have been suggested as biomarkers for mitochondrial dysfunction, which has a role in its etiology. This study aims to examine the correlation between electrophysiological brain dynamics, quantified by Entropy Doubling and Ruzsa Distance derived from EEG data, and peripheral lactate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in patients with bipolar disorder in remission.

In this study, 20 individuals diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder Type I following DSM-V criteria were consecutively assessed throughout their remission phase while attending our outpatient unit for routine evaluations. Metabolic syndrome and the usage of conventional antipsychotics serves as an exclusion criterion. We examined serum LDH and lactate levels and did EEGs. All EEG data is arranged with a sample rate of 125 Hz. The additive combinatorial entropy of the electrodes is what makes up the entropic Rusza Distance. The Hilbert-based Entropy Doubling approach was used to process the analytical signals for each EEG channel.

Energy dysregulation includes theta and gamma frequency bands, both in relation to lactate and LDH. Lactate and LDH levels in the F7 theta band were linearly correlated. A negative correlation was found between the levels of lactate and LDH levels in the O1, Fz, and Cz gamma bands.

Our findings suggest that there is a unique relationship between electrophysiological brain dynamics and mitochondrial dysfunction mediated metabolic stress in bipolar disorder.