# Wearable technology in the management of complex chronic illness: preliminary survey results on self-reported outcomes

## TL;DR

This study explores how wearable technology helps people with complex chronic illnesses like Long Covid and ME/CFS manage their symptoms through self-tracking.

## Contribution

The paper presents preliminary survey results on the use of a wearable app for self-management of complex chronic illnesses.

## Key findings

- 77% of users with at least 30 days of data reported improvements in energy management.
- 85% of users felt somewhat or significantly better after using the app.
- 94% of users gained a better understanding of their energy budget.

## Abstract

Complex chronic illnesses like Long Covid (LC) and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) are marked by fluctuating symptoms, often exacerbated by physical, cognitive, or emotional exertion in a phenomenon known as post-exertional malaise (PEM). Home monitoring technologies offer potential benefits by enabling individuals to track symptoms and biometrics, aiding in disease self-management. However, the general effectiveness of such tools is still unknown.

A random sample of users of the Visible mobile application (Visible Plus; requires both the armband and paid subscription), aged 18 or older and with self-identified complex chronic illnesses such as LC or ME/CFS, were invited to complete an online survey regarding the impact of the app on their chronic disease self-management. Descriptive statistics related to the responses were analyzed and reported.

The survey was distributed to 2,636 people, with 1,301 participants responding (49.3% response rate). The average age was 46 years. 82% of respondents were female, 8% were male, 8% were non-binary, and 2% preferred not to say or preferred to self-describe. Participants self-identified as having ME/CFS only (n = 534, 42%), LC only (n = 396, 31%), ME/CFS and LC (n = 236, 18%), or another illness (n = 122, 10%). Of the n = 2,636 randomly selected subscribers, the mostly commonly listed “other illnesses” were Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS, 6%), fibromyalgia (5.2%), Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS; 1.7%) and Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS, 1.2%). Of those with at least 30 days of data, 77% reported seeing an improvements associated with app use, corresponding to 23% of all invited users, 85% (corresponding to 29% of all invited users) reported feeling somewhat (53%) or significantly (32%), and 94% (corresponding to 33% of all invited users) reported a better understanding of their energy budget.

Home-monitoring based mobile applications are feasible and acceptable for a motivated subgroup of people with energy-limiting complex chronic illnesses, and are associated with self-reported benefits in energy management and participation in daily activities. The findings of this study should be interpreted as descriptive and hypothesis-generating and do not represent clinically significant effects, underscoring the need for randomized controlled trials to formally evaluate efficacy. Future studies should incorporate a comparison group to better differentiate intervention effects from improvements gained through lived experience.