# Evaluation of a Nepalese-Language Version of the Oral Health Impact Profile Scale Applied to Periodontal Disease (OHIP-14-PD): A Reliability and Validation Study

## TL;DR

This study adapts and validates a Nepalese-language version of a questionnaire to assess the impact of periodontal disease on oral health quality of life.

## Contribution

The study provides a culturally adapted and validated Nepalese-language OHIP-14-PD questionnaire for assessing periodontal disease impact.

## Key findings

- The translated OHIP-14-PD questionnaire showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.868).
- Cohen's kappa values indicated good to almost perfect agreement in test-retest reliability.
- Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.585 confirmed the validity of the Nepali version.

## Abstract

Chronic periodontal disease (PD) is a significant oral health issue affecting ~18% of the adult population in Nepal. While there have been advancements in understanding its causes, prevention, and management, the occurrence and disease severity have not significantly decreased This study aims to adapt and validate the oral health impact profile applied to PD (OHIP-14-PD) questionnaire by experts to evaluate the impact of PD on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in the Nepalese population using the Nepalese language.

After completion of translation, validation, and cross-cultural adaptation process in 85 patients with chronic PD, the internal consistency of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha value. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to determine the validity. Similarly, Cohen's kappa values were used to find out the agreement among the responses in the test–retest process. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to find out the consistency of the questionnaire with a 95% confidence interval.

The internal consistency was found to be good for the translated and validated questionnaire to use in the Nepali hospital (Cronbach's alpha value = 0.868, range = 0.85–0.86). The pre- and post-test Cohen's kappa value showed good to almost perfect consistency of agreement (Cohen's kappa value = 0.788–0.958). Spearman's correlation coefficient for the total OHIP-14-PD Nepali version was 0.585.

The Nepali language version OHIP-14-PD is a reliable, content/construct validated tool which can be used to find out the impact of PD on OHRQoL.