# Influence of sociodemographic and clinical factors on illness progression and quality of life among older adults in Ibadan, Nigeria

## TL;DR

This study explores how sociodemographic and clinical factors affect illness progression and quality of life in older adults in Ibadan, Nigeria.

## Contribution

The study combines quantitative and qualitative methods to identify factors influencing illness progression and quality of life in older adults in a low-income setting.

## Key findings

- Clinical factors like symptom duration and illness cognition significantly affect quality of life when social support is considered.
- Four themes emerged from qualitative analysis: aging, health motivations, treatment outcomes, and stakeholder involvement.
- Caregivers and clinicians should consider symptom duration and illness cognition to improve elderly health outcomes.

## Abstract

Given the projected increase in the percentage of older adults globally, particularly in highly populated low- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria, there is a pressing need to investigate the role of sociodemographic and clinical factors in the progression of illness and the quality of life of older adults. This study examined the influence of sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, marital status, educational qualifications, and income status) and clinical factors (duration of symptoms before treatment and illness cognition) on illness progression and quality of life among older adults residing in Ibadan, Nigeria.

A Sequential explanatory mixed-methods research design, which combines quantitative and qualitative approaches, was adopted. The quantitative approach involved a self-reported survey of fifty (50) older adults (65 years and above) using psychometrically sound scales. The qualitative aspect adopted a phenomenological theory utilising key informant interviews and thematic analysis among healthcare professionals for further insights. Both phases of the study were conducted at Jericho Specialist Hospital and the Chief Tony Anenih Geriatric Centre in Ibadan. The study’s hypotheses were tested using two-step hierarchical regression analysis at a 0.05 level of statistical significance.

The findings of the quantitative phase indicate a significant joint influence of clinical factors, such as the duration of symptoms before treatment and illness cognition, on quality of life when perceived social support is controlled for (R = .16, F(3, 46) = 2.82, p < .05). The results of the explanatory phase of the study identified four themes, which further justify the roles of sociodemographic and clinical factors in influencing the progression of illness and the quality of life of older adults. These themes are the issue of ageing, health motivations, treatment outcomes, and the need for stakeholders’ involvement.

Duration of symptoms before the commencement of treatment and illness cognition play a significant role in the quality of life of older adults. It is recommended that caregivers of older adults and clinicians consider these factors to improve illness progression and quality of life among the elderly. Qualitative inquiry suggests the need for increased public awareness and stakeholder involvement in interventions for the elderly.