# Translation and psychometric validation of the Persian Care Evaluation Scale-2 short version in bereaved family members of cancer patients

## TL;DR

This study translated and validated a Persian version of a scale to assess end-of-life care for families of cancer patients.

## Contribution

The paper provides a validated Persian version of the Care Evaluation Scale-2.0 Short for use in palliative care.

## Key findings

- The Persian CES2.0-S showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.89) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.80).
- Exploratory factor analysis identified two factors explaining 63.4% of the total variance.
- The scale demonstrated convergent validity with other end-of-life care measures.

## Abstract

To translate and evaluate the psychometric validation of the Persian version of the Care Evaluation Scale-2.0 Short (CES2.0-S) for bereaved family members of cancer patients.

This methodological study was conducted in Tehran in 2024. The scale was translated using forward–backward translation. Face validity was assessed through cognitive interviews with 10 bereaved family members, and content validity was evaluated by 10 palliative care experts using the Content Validity Index. Construct validity was examined through exploratory factor analysis and convergent validity. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency and test–retest stability over a two-week interval.

A total of 237 bereaved family members participated. Exploratory factor analysis identified two factors— support provided by the care team and access to healthcare services —explaining 63.4% of the total variance. The Persian CES2.0-S demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α ​= ​0.89) and test–retest reliability (ICC ​= ​0.80). Convergent validity was supported by significant correlations with the Good Death Questionnaire-Short Form (r ​= ​0.47, P ​< ​0.001) and satisfaction with end-of-life care (r ​= ​0.48, P ​< ​0.001).

The Persian CES2.0-S is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing structures and processes of end-of-life care among bereaved family members of cancer patients. Its use may help identify areas requiring improvement and guide strategies to enhance the quality of end-of-life care, an essential goal of palliative care.