# The computationally guided design of selective targeters of multiple proteins (STaMPs) as a new opportunity for small molecule drug discovery

**Authors:** Thomas M. Kaiser

PMC · DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1691119 · Frontiers in Pharmacology · 2025-10-07

## TL;DR

This paper explores how computational methods can help design small molecules that selectively target multiple proteins for drug discovery.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a new approach for designing STaMPs using computational systems biology insights.

## Key findings

- Historical examples show the importance of multi-target drugs in drug efficacy.
- Computational systems biology can aid in the rational design of STaMPs.
- STaMPs offer a new opportunity for selective drug targeting.

## Abstract

Polypharmacology has long been an aspect of drug design for small molecules, and the multi-target pursuit has frequently behaved more akin to divine chance rather than controllable science. Targets unknown or once thought undesirable can often be revealed to be key points of intervention for the positive effects of a drug later in the development of a program or even after its approval. In this review, we look at historical examples of molecular pleiotropism and evaluate how new insights from computational systems biology and small molecule design can aid the rational design of Selective Targeters of Multiple Proteins (STaMPs).

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** TGFB1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) [NCBI Gene 7040] {aka CAEND1, CED, DPD1, IBDIMDE, LAP, TGF-beta1}, ABL1 (ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase) [NCBI Gene 25] {aka ABL, BCR-ABL, CHDSKM, JTK7, bcr/abl, c-ABL}, ACHE (acetylcholinesterase (Yt blood group)) [NCBI Gene 43] {aka ACEE, ARACHE, N-ACHE, YT}, KCNH2 (potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2) [NCBI Gene 3757] {aka ERG-1, ERG1, H-ERG, HERG, HERG1, Kv11.1}, SLC6A4 (solute carrier family 6 member 4) [NCBI Gene 6532] {aka 5-HTT, 5-HTTLPR, 5HTT, HTT, OCD1, SERT}, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) [NCBI Gene 7124] {aka DIF, IMD127, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, TNLG1F}, TTLL5 (tubulin tyrosine ligase like 5) [NCBI Gene 23093] {aka CORD19, KIAA0998, STAMP}, RHOA (ras homolog family member A) [NCBI Gene 387] {aka ARH12, ARHA, EDFAOB, RHO12, RHOH12}, NFKB1 (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1) [NCBI Gene 4790] {aka CVID12, EBP-1, KBF1, NF-kB, NF-kB1, NF-kappa-B1}, ICAM1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) [NCBI Gene 3383] {aka BB2, CD54, P3.58}
- **Diseases:** juvenile idiopathic arthritis (MESH:D001171), toxicity (MESH:D064420), rheumatoid arthritis (MESH:D001172), cognitive decline (MESH:D003072), liver injury (MESH:D017093), systemic (MESH:D015619), liver toxicity (MESH:D056486), Sjogrens's and systemic sclerosis (MESH:D012859), neuroinflammation (MESH:D000090862), liver fibrosis (MESH:D008103), fibrosis (MESH:D005355), inflammation (MESH:D007249), liver disease (MESH:D008107), glial dysfunction (MESH:D004194), neurodegeneration (MESH:D019636), SAD (MESH:D020274), metabolic diseases (MESH:D008659), systemic lupus (MESH:D008180), ankylosing spondylitis (MESH:D013167)
- **Chemicals:** Atripla (MESH:D000068257), Cas9 (-), triphosphates (MESH:C005692), tacrolimus (MESH:D016559), lipids (MESH:D008055), Paracetamol (MESH:D000082)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Full text

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## References

84 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12537719/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12537719