# Comparative Evaluation of Imaging Modalities for Complex Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologies: A Systematic Review and Semi-Quantitative Synthesis

## TL;DR

This review compares imaging techniques for diagnosing oral and facial diseases, finding that ultrasonography and AI-enhanced methods are more effective and safer than traditional approaches.

## Contribution

The study provides a semi-quantitative synthesis of imaging modalities and evaluates the impact of AI on their diagnostic performance.

## Key findings

- Ultrasonography and scintigraphy show higher accuracy and sensitivity than conventional radiology.
- AI improves the sensitivity and accuracy of various imaging modalities.
- Ultrasonography is safer due to the absence of ionizing radiation.

## Abstract

It has been established that a significant section of the population is affected by oral and maxillofacial pathologies. This systematic review and semi-quantitative synthesis, therefore, aim to identify different imaging modalities that are used to diagnose these pathologies and their relative effectiveness. This study also evaluates the impact of technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) on the efficacy of the imaging modalities.

The method applied in the study was a systematic review and semi-quantitative synthesis, and different quantitative studies were selected and their findings analyzed. The selection process was non-biased in nature since objective inclusion and exclusion criteria, such as the year the study was published and the rating of the methodology, were used in the selection process.

The study found that certain imaging modalities, such as ultrasonography and scintigraphy, have more accuracy and sensitivity compared to conventional radiology. Ultrasonography was also found to have more advantages due to its lack of use of ionization, thus reducing the impact associated with ionization during the imaging process. AI was also found to have a positive impact on different imaging modalities, as it increased the sensitivity and the accuracy of the modalities.

One of the recommendations is continued research on the impact of AI tools; technologies are continually being improved, and therefore, their effectiveness is likely to increase over time. The use of ultrasonography should be advocated for, and the necessary resources should be made available, as ultrasonography not only has a higher rate of success but also reduces the risks associated with conventional imaging processes.