# Performance of an artificial intelligence-powered smartphone application in the UK clinical settings: ECG automation compared to healthcare professionals

## TL;DR

An AI app outperformed UK healthcare professionals in ECG interpretation accuracy but took longer, highlighting potential benefits and limitations of AI in clinical settings.

## Contribution

The study evaluates an AI ECG interpretation app's performance against UK clinicians, revealing higher accuracy but slower processing times.

## Key findings

- PMCardio achieved perfect accuracy on ECGs compared to a mean 67.1% accuracy among healthcare professionals.
- Senior clinicians had higher diagnostic accuracy (80%) than junior and mid-level professionals.
- AI interpretation took longer (39 seconds) than clinicians (23.7 seconds median).

## Abstract

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used in clinical practice, but accurate interpretation requires significant expertise. Variability in training leads to inconsistent diagnostic accuracy amongst healthcare professionals. Artificial intelligence (AI) applications, such as PMCardio (Powerful Medical, Samorin, Slovakia), can digitise and interpret ECGs. While validated in selected populations, its performance compared to clinicians in UK practice has not been assessed.

Seventy-six healthcare professionals interpreted eight ECG traces (seven abnormal, one normal). Their performance was compared with the PMCardio application. Accuracy and time were recorded.

Healthcare professionals achieved a mean accuracy rate of 67.1% (SD 24.0%), improving with seniority (junior 60%, mid-level 67.5%, senior 80%). PMCardio achieved perfect accuracy on the tested ECGs. Clinicians interpreted faster (median 23.7 s, range 9.1 s) compared to PMCardio (39.0 s, range 8.0 s), noting that the application’s timing included operational steps such as loading and capturing ECG images.

PMCardio demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy than healthcare professionals but required longer interpretation times. Given the small dataset (8 ECGs) and lack of patient context, results should be interpreted cautiously. While AI tools may support clinicians and enhance consistency, they may also introduce uncertainty for less experienced users. Further studies with larger, real-world datasets are needed before widespread adoption.