# Promoting Empathy in Audiology Education Through Virtual Reality and Tactile Technologies: A Pilot Study for Patient-Centered Care in Individuals with Hearing Loss and Manual Dexterity Limitations

## TL;DR

A pilot study shows that using virtual reality and haptic gloves can help audiology students better understand the challenges faced by patients with hearing loss and manual dexterity limitations, improving empathy and educational engagement.

## Contribution

This study introduces a novel VR-based empathy training program with haptic gloves to enhance patient-centered care education in audiology.

## Key findings

- Empathy scores significantly improved after the VR-based training (Hedges’ g = 0.50, P < .05).
- Participants reported high levels of immersion (74–86%) and perceived educational value (91–100%).
- Qualitative feedback confirmed the training's effectiveness in engaging students in cognitive, affective, and compassionate empathy.

## Abstract

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a virtual reality (VR)–based empathy training program, augmented with a haptic glove, in fostering cognitive, affective, and compassionate empathy among audiology students for patients with hearing loss (HL) and manual dexterity limitations.

Using a mixed-methods design, two immersive VR simulation scenarios were developed to replicate challenges faced by patients with HL and impaired manual dexterity. Students participated in these scenarios while wearing Cambridge simulation gloves to restrict hand movement, simulating physical limitations. Pre- and post-intervention surveys assessed empathy using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, alongside measures of immersion, usefulness, educational value, and adverse effects. Qualitative feedback provided insights into participants’ reflections.

Empathy scores significantly improved from pre- to post-intervention (Hedges’ g = 0.50, 95% CI 0.061–0.915; P < .05). High levels of immersion (74–86%), perceived usefulness (87%), and perceived educational value (91–100%) were reported. Qualitative feedback highlighted the training’s ability to engage students in the three key empathy dimensions.

The VR-based training, integrated with haptic Cambridge simulation gloves, effectively enhanced students’ understanding of patient challenges related to HL and impaired manual dexterity. This innovative approach demonstrates the potential for fostering empathy in audiology education.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-025-02403-x.