# Interventions supporting people from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom with musculoskeletal disorders: a scoping review

## TL;DR

This review explores interventions for musculoskeletal disorders in Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic communities in the UK, highlighting gaps and the need for culturally appropriate care.

## Contribution

The study maps existing interventions for MSDs in UK ethnic minority populations and identifies underrepresented groups and research gaps.

## Key findings

- Three key intervention themes were identified: language initiatives, pharmacological/dietary approaches, and peer/educational programs.
- Black African and Black Caribbean populations were notably underrepresented in the reviewed studies.
- There is a lack of participatory and qualitative research in this area.

## Abstract

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) significantly impact quality of life, particularly among Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic communities in the UK, who face disproportionate burdens and barriers to care. Despite growing recognition of ethnic health disparities, there is limited understanding of interventions tailored to these populations. This scoping review aimed to map the existing literature on interventions for MSDs among Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic groups in the UK, identifying key approaches, gaps, and opportunities for culturally appropriate healthcare delivery.

A scoping review was conducted following the Population–Concept–Context (PCC) framework. Seven databases (PubMed Central, CINAHL, Scopus, Medline Full-text, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Cochrane) were systematically searched up to April 2025. Studies were included if they assessed MSD interventions among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic individuals in the UK. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were considered. Data were synthesised narratively using thematic analysis supported by NVivo v.11 software.

Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Three primary themes emerged: (1) language and communication initiatives, such as multilingual resources and telephone helplines; (2) pharmacological and dietary interventions, particularly addressing vitamin D deficiency and rheumatoid arthritis management; and (3) peer-support and educational initiatives, including community-based and culturally tailored programmes. A significant underrepresentation of Black African and Black Caribbean populations was identified alongside a noticeable lack of participatory or qualitative research approaches.

There is a critical need for ethnically inclusive, culturally tailored MSD interventions in the UK. Future research should prioritise holistic, community-based approaches and actively address structural inequalities to improve health outcomes and ensure equitable care across all ethnic groups.