# Electronic Noise Measurement of a Magnetoresistive Sensor: A Comparative Study

## TL;DR

This paper compares two electronic setups for measuring noise in magnetoresistive sensors and finds that both methods yield consistent results.

## Contribution

The study evaluates and validates two electronic configurations for measuring GMR sensor noise with cross-correlation techniques.

## Key findings

- Detectivity of the sensor was measured to be between 200–300 nT/√Hz.
- All three amplification setups produced consistent noise measurements.
- Cross-correlation effectively reduced amplifier-induced noise.

## Abstract

The intrinsic noise of giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors is large at low frequencies, and their resolution is inevitably significantly limited. Investigation of GMR noise requires the use of measurement systems that have lower noise than the sample. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of two electronic noise measurement configurations of a single GMR sensing element. The first method connects the sample in a voltage divider configuration and the second method connects in a Wheatstone bridge configuration. Three amplification set-ups were investigated: a low-noise amplifier, an ultra-low-noise amplifier and an instrumentation amplifier. Using cross-correlation, the noise of the measurement system introduced by the amplifiers was reduced. Noise spectra were recorded at room temperature in the frequency range of 0.5 Hz to 10 kHz, under different sample bias voltages. The measurements were performed in zero applied magnetic field and in a field corresponding to the maximum sensitivity of the sensor. From the noise spectra, the detectivity of the sensor was determined to be in the 200–300 nT/√Hz range. Good agreement was observed between the results obtained using all three set-ups, suggesting the effectiveness of the noise measurement systems applied to the magnetoresistive sensor.