Magnetic Cationic Liposomes-Based Delivery System Reduces Drug-Induced Cytotoxicity in an In Vitro Model of Hearing Loss

TL;DR

This study shows that magnetic cationic liposomes can reduce hearing loss caused by harmful drugs in a lab model.

Contribution

The novel contribution is the development of magnetic cationic liposomes for targeted corticosteroid delivery to protect against ototoxicity.

Findings

Magnetic liposomes preserved mitochondrial function in drug-exposed cells.

Liposomal treatment significantly reduced cellular senescence caused by ototoxic drugs.

The system shows potential as a therapeutic platform for preventing drug-induced hearing loss.

Abstract

Hearing loss is a major health burden, often caused by ototoxic drugs such as cisplatin and gentamicin. Effective therapy is limited by the poor penetrability of drugs into inner ear compartments. This study aimed to develop and test magnetic cationic liposomes as nanocarriers for targeted corticosteroid delivery to auditory hair cells. Carboxymethyl chitosan–coated liposomes were prepared by the lipid film hydration method, incorporating magnetic nanoparticles and dexamethasone phosphate in their aqueous core. The optimal liposomal formulation, in terms of size, zeta potential, and drug leakage over time, was selected and tested in an in vitro model of drug-induced ototoxicity. HEI-OC1 cells exposed to cisplatin or gentamicin were co-treated with the liposomal formulations, and viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and β-galactosidase activity were assessed. The results demonstrated that magnetic, polymer-coated liposomes protected against cytotoxicity by preserving mitochondrial function and significantly reducing senescence. These findings provide a proof of concept for magnetically responsive liposomal systems as potential therapeutic platforms for preventing or treating drug-associated hearing loss.

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