# Magnetic Interactions in Ferrite Bead-Enhanced Wiegand Wires Evaluated by First-Order Reversal Curves

## TL;DR

This study explains how attaching ferrite beads to Wiegand wires boosts their voltage output by altering magnetic properties.

## Contribution

The paper provides a theoretical framework for optimizing Wiegand sensors by revealing micromagnetic mechanisms enhanced by ferrite beads.

## Key findings

- Ferrite beads increase pulse voltage amplitude by 1.5–2.0 times.
- Ferrite beads improve output energy by 30–40%.
- Ferrite beads modify irreversible magnetization and magnetic structure.

## Abstract

Wiegand sensors are essential components in self-powered Internet of Things (IoT) nodes, as they can output pulse voltages without an external power supply. Previous research has established that the attachment of ferrite beads to Wiegand wire terminals substantially enhances the sensor’s pulse voltage output. However, the fundamental mechanism responsible for this enhancement remains unclear at the microscopic magnetic level. This investigation systematically examines how ferrite bead attachments alter magnetization reversal processes, Barkhausen jump characteristics, and the energy output in Wiegand wires. Experimental results reveal that ferrite beads enhance irreversible magnetization, modify interaction distributions, and transform the magnetic structure of Wiegand wires. These modifications collectively result in a 1.5–2.0 times higher pulse voltage amplitude and 30–40% greater output energy, establishing a theoretical framework for Wiegand sensor optimization. The research methodology combines vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements with first-order reversal curve (FORC) analysis to elucidate the underlying micromagnetic mechanisms.