# Harnessing Genomics of Diaporthe amygdali for Improved Control of Peach Twig Canker and Shoot Blight (TCSB)

## TL;DR

This study sequenced the genome of the peach tree pathogen Diaporthe amygdali to better understand and control the disease it causes in Italian orchards.

## Contribution

The first high-quality genome assembly of D. amygdali isolated from peach, revealing candidate virulence genes.

## Key findings

- A hybrid sequencing strategy produced a high-quality genome assembly of D. amygdali.
- Candidate virulence genes and pathogenicity factors were identified through genome analysis.
- The findings may lead to sustainable strategies for controlling TCSB in peach production.

## Abstract

In recent years, symptoms of Twig Cankers and Shoot Blight (TCSB) have re-emerged in several Italian peach orchards, particularly within key production areas of the Emilia-Romagna region. The fungal pathogen Diaporthe amygdali is recognized as the primary causal agent of TCSB, leading to the rapid desiccation of shoots, flowers, leaves, and branches, often accompanied by resin exudation from cankers that appear in late winter or early spring. Given Italy’s position as the second-largest peach producer in Europe, ensuring sustainable yields and high fruit quality necessitates a deeper understanding of D. amygdali biology and the development of effective diagnostic and management tools. This study employed a hybrid whole-genome sequencing strategy, combining Illumina short-read and PacBio long-read technologies, to generate the first high-quality genome assembly of D. amygdali isolated from peach. The genome analysis revealed candidate virulence genes and other factors involved in pathogenicity, deepening our understanding of the infection strategies employed by D. amygdali. These findings may support the potential development of sustainable, effective strategies against TCSB, ultimately supporting resilient peach production in Italy and beyond.