# Sex-Specific Dietary Predictors of Blood Glucose Identified Through Decision Tree Modeling in Adults

## TL;DR

This study finds that dietary factors affecting blood glucose differ between men and women, suggesting personalized approaches for diabetes prevention.

## Contribution

The study identifies sex-specific dietary predictors of blood glucose using decision tree modeling in young adults.

## Key findings

- Fiber intake was the most important predictor of blood glucose in the overall population.
- For females, energy expenditure and fat quality were key predictors of blood glucose.
- For males, the percentage of calories from fat and alpha-linolenic acid intake were most predictive.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a global public health crisis, with cases projected to rise to 1.3 billion by 2050. Lifestyle interventions are crucial in preventing and managing Type 2 diabetes. This study used a machine learning approach to explore the relationship between dietary components and fasting blood glucose in a young adult population, with a focus on potential sex-specific differences. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 288 young adults (195 females, 93 males; mean age 23 years). Participants provided two-day diet records, and their fasting capillary blood glucose was measured. Machine learning was used to predict blood glucose based on a variety of dietary variables, including fiber, macronutrient proportions, and fat types. Energy expenditure was used as a proxy for energy intake. Models were created for the overall population, males, and females. Results: In the overall population, the most important predictor of fasting blood glucose was fiber intake. For females, the most important predictor was energy expenditure, followed by fat quality (linoleic to alpha-linolenic acid ratio and saturated fat intake). For males, the most predictive factor was the percentage of calories from fat, followed by alpha-linolenic acid intake. Conclusions: The findings suggest that predictors of blood glucose differ between males and females, highlighting the need for sex-specific strategies in blood glucose management. The models emphasize the importance of increasing fiber intake, maintaining a healthy energy intake, and improving fat quality by prioritizing essential fatty acids. This approach can be used to inform personalized dietary recommendations for the prevention and management of diabetes.