# Study on Erosion Wear Resistance of 18Ni300 Maraging Steel Remanufactured by Underwater Laser Direct Metal Deposition

## TL;DR

This study shows that underwater laser repair improves erosion resistance of maraging steel, making it suitable for harsh marine environments.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates the successful application of underwater direct metal deposition for enhancing erosion wear resistance in maraging steel.

## Key findings

- UDMD-repaired 18Ni300 steel shows superior erosion wear resistance with lower mass loss compared to in-air DMD.
- The repaired samples exhibit higher microhardness due to microstructural refinement and increased dislocation density.
- Erosion mechanisms shift with impingement angle, with UDMD samples showing better performance at 30° due to work hardening.

## Abstract

Erosion wear is a major cause of surface degradation in metallic materials exposed to harsh marine environments. In this study, the erosion wear resistance of the 18Ni300 maraging steel repaired by underwater direct metal deposition (UDMD) is investigated. Results show that UDMD is successfully applied to repair the 18Ni300 samples in underwater environment. Full groove filling and sound metallurgical bonding without cracks are achieved, demonstrating its potential for underwater structural repair. Microstructural analyses reveal good forming quality with fine cellular structures and dense lath martensite in the deposited layer, attributed to rapid solidification under water cooling. Compared to in-air DMD, the UDMD sample exhibits higher surface microhardness due to increased dislocation density and microstructural refinement. Erosion wear behavior is evaluated at 30° and 90° impingement angles, showing that wear mechanisms shift from micro-cutting and plowing at 30° to indentation, crack propagation, and spallation at 90°. The UDMD samples demonstrate superior erosion wear resistance with lower mass loss, particularly at 30°, benefiting from surface work hardening and microstructural advantages. Progressive surface hardening occurs during erosion due to severe plastic deformation, reducing wear rates over time. The combination of refined microstructure, high dislocation density, and enhanced work hardening capability makes UDMD-repaired steel highly resistant to erosive degradation. These findings confirm that UDMD is a promising technique for repairing marine steel structures, offering enhanced durability and long-term performance in harsh offshore environments.