# The Impact of Respiratory Function on Functionality and Mortality in ALS Patients

## TL;DR

This study shows that respiratory function is closely linked to survival and quality of life in ALS patients, with specific measures like PEF and SNIP being strong predictors of mortality.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific respiratory parameters that strongly correlate with mortality and functionality in ALS patients.

## Key findings

- Respiratory variables like FVC%, SNIP, and MIP showed significant inverse correlations with mortality in ALS patients.
- A one-unit reduction in PEF% predicted increased the risk of death by an average of 300%.
- Respiratory measures correlated positively with ALSFRS-R scores, indicating their importance in assessing functionality.

## Abstract

Objective: To investigate the relationship between respiratory function, functionality, and mortality in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and to determine which respiratory parameters show the strongest correlation with functionality and mortality. Methods: The study was conducted in Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil, between January 2018 and December 2023. This was a retrospective cohort, following individuals with ALS who were evaluated at the University Laboratory. Results: A total of 74 ALS patients were included in the analysis, with a mean age of 55.7 ± 13.5 years. Most were male (66.2%) and predominantly presented with spinal-onset ALS (51.3%). Respiratory variables (except peak expiratory flow (PEF)) showed a weak but significant inverse correlation with mortality (FVC% predicted (rpb = −0.260; p < 0.001), SNIP (rpb = −0.235; p = 0.001), MEP (rpb = −0.207; p = 0.007), MIP (rpb = −0.198; p = 0.009), and PEF% predicted (rpb = −0.156; p = 0.013)). When analyzing their correlation with ALSFRS-R, all variables showed a significant positive correlation (ranging from weak to moderate) with functionality. A reduction of one unit in the respiratory variables PEF% of predicted, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) increased the risk of death by an average of 300% (OR = 2.99; 95% CI: 2.05–4.35), 2% (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01–1.03), and 1% (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00–1.02), respectively. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that direct measurements of respiratory function and muscle strength, particularly PEF and SNIP, may serve as more useful markers to guide early interventions such as non-invasive ventilation, thereby improving quality of life and potentially prolonging survival.