# Developing Up-Scale Allogeneic Chondrocyte Therapies Using Juvenile Donor Cartilage

## TL;DR

This study explores using juvenile donor cartilage to develop scalable allogeneic chondrocyte therapies for cartilage repair.

## Contribution

The study is the first to investigate juvenile chondrocyte expansion in a GMP-compliant bioreactor for allogeneic therapies.

## Key findings

- Juvenile chondrocytes from polydactyly and iliac apophysis sources showed similar cell yields and chondrogenic potential.
- Quantum® bioreactor expansion preserved chondrocyte function but resulted in slower growth compared to traditional methods.
- Both sources expressed key chondrocyte markers and retained the ability to form glycosaminoglycans.

## Abstract

Allogeneic chondrocyte therapies present an attractive alternative to existing autologous therapies for the repair of cartilage defects, enabling the selection of optimal donor cells and streamlined manufacturing processes. This study investigates the potential of juvenile chondrocytes derived from human infantile (aged 0–4 y) polydactyly digits and the iliac apophysis for cartilage repair using Good Manufacturing Practice bioreactor expansion. Iliac apophysis (n = 4) and polydactyly tissues (n = 4) were assessed histologically. Chondrocytes were isolated enzymatically and cultured using standard tissue culture plastic (TCP) methodology. Upon sufficient cell expansion, chondrocytes were seeded into the Quantum® bioreactor system or onto TCP (±vitronectin coating). The manufactured chondrocytes growth rates, total cell yields, chondrogenic pellet forming capacity (GAG/DNA, histology), immunoprofiles (flow cytometry) and gene expression (RT-qPCR) were assessed. Equivalent chondrocyte numbers were isolated from polydactyly and iliac apophysis donors per wet weight of tissue. Quantum®-expanded chondrocytes from both sources yielded comparable cell numbers; however, growth was slowed in the Quantum® compared to TCP. Polydactyly and iliac apophysis-derived chondrocytes expressed chondrocyte cell surface markers (CD166, CD44, CD151, SOX9) and formed chondrogenic pellets. Quantum® bioreactor expansion did not alter, gene expression or capacity to form glycosaminoglycans (GAGs (normalised to DNA content)) compared to matched TCP expansion. Juvenile cartilage donors are a promising chondrocyte source for the development of an allogeneic therapy. This novel study expanding juvenile chondrocytes in the Quantum® GMP-compliant bioreactor suggests that culture conditions may need modification to improve growth, whilst retaining cartilage forming capacity.