The Role of CRABS CLAW Transcription Factor in Floral Organ Development in Plants

TL;DR

This paper reviews the CRABS CLAW transcription factor's role in plant floral development and its regulatory interactions across species.

Contribution

The study provides a comprehensive synthesis of CRC transcription factor functions and evolutionary roles in plant development.

Findings

CRC regulates floral meristem termination and organ polarity in the gynoecium.

CRC interacts with chromatin modifiers and auxin-related proteins to control development.

CRC's functional evolution is linked to regulatory mutations and conserved gene copy numbers.

Abstract

CRABS CLAW (CRC) is a member of the plant-specific YABBY transcription factor family, defined by the presence of a C2C2 zinc-finger domain and a C-terminal YABBY domain. CRC is essential for proper floral development, functioning in the termination of the floral meristem, maintenance of adaxial–abaxial polarity within the gynoecium, and regulation of nectary and leaf morphogenesis. CRC orchestrates its diverse regulatory functions through interaction networks comprising other transcription factors and plant developmental regulators, including chromatin-modifying enzymes and proteins involved in auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling. The roles of genes and proteins interacting with CRC or CRC have been characterized in several model plant species, and the number of identified CRC/CRC-associated interactions continues to expand, revealing both species-specific and conserved functional roles across angiosperms. Many functions of CRC and its interacting partners have been elucidated through the analysis of anatomical and physiological phenotypes associated with specific gene mutations. The functional roles of CRC in plant development appear to have been acquired progressively through evolutionary diversification. These evolutionary changes have been associated with the relative conservation of CRC gene copy number and a predominant role of mutations occurring in non-coding regulatory regions. These properties are attributed to the relatively limited number of genes comprising the CRC regulatory network and the capacity to induce dosage-dependent effects via the emergence of novel proteins with overlapping or analogous functions. The identification and functional characterization of CRC transcription factors across diverse plant species has advanced rapidly in recent years, yet a comprehensive synthesis of these findings has not been presented in a dedicated article. Therefore, this study reviews the current knowledge on CRC transcription factors, with a focus on their identification, expression patterns, and functional roles in plant development.

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