# Tailored Reaction Conditions and Automated Radiolabeling of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56 in a 68Ga Setting: The Critical Impact of Antioxidant Concentrations

## TL;DR

This paper shows how to successfully automate the production of a prostate cancer radiopharmaceutical by optimizing antioxidant concentrations to prevent radiolysis at high activity levels.

## Contribution

The study introduces an optimized automated radiolabeling protocol for [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56 with high radiochemical purity and stability.

## Key findings

- Manual radiolabeling achieved >97% radiochemical purity using sodium acetate and L-methionine.
- Automated production at high activity required higher antioxidant concentrations and purification steps to maintain >98.9% purity.
- Optimized conditions enabled 120-hour stability of the radiopharmaceutical.

## Abstract

The growing use of experimental radiopharmaceuticals for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) highlights the need for robust “in house” radiolabeling protocols. Among these, PSMA-ALB-56 is a PSMA ligand incorporating an albumin-binding moiety to enhance pharmacokinetics, which showed promise for prostate cancer treatment. This study investigated manual radiolabeling conditions of this vector molecule with lutetium-177 and developed a corresponding automated synthesis protocol. Manual experiments on low activities explored buffer systems and antioxidants, identifying sodium acetate buffer and L-methionine as optimal, achieving radiochemical purities above 97% with excellent stability over 48 h. However, when these conditions were transposed directly to an automated process on a GAIA® module with activities > 2 GBq, radiochemical purity dropped below 70% due to significant radiolysis. This result emphasized that conditions optimized at low activities are not directly transferable to high-activity automated production, and highlighted the crucial role of antioxidant concentration. An optimized automated method was subsequently developed, integrating a solid-phase extraction purification step, higher antioxidant levels during radiolabeling and formulation, and a larger final product volume. These changes led to radiochemical purities above 98.9% and excellent product stability over 120 h for 3 test batches. The presence of high concentrations of methionine and ascorbic acid was essential to protect against radiolysis. This work underscores the importance of adjusting radiolabeling strategies during process scale-up and confirmed that antioxidant concentration is essential for successful 177Lu radiolabeling. The optimized automated method developed here for [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-ALB-56 may also be adapted to other radiopharmaceuticals in development for TRT.