# Patterns of Psychiatric Comorbidity Among Drug Users: A Prospective Observational Study in a Romanian Psychiatric Hospital

## TL;DR

This study explores the complex relationship between drug use and psychiatric disorders in a Romanian hospital, finding that psychiatric comorbidity is common and influences symptom patterns.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into dual diagnosis patterns among drug users in Eastern Europe using cluster analysis.

## Key findings

- Cannabis, novel psychoactive substances, and unknown substances were most commonly used.
- Three distinct symptom profiles were identified: manic/psychotic, negative affective, and disorganized.
- Drug use and psychiatric comorbidity interact to influence symptom cluster membership.

## Abstract

Background: A large number of substance use disorders are increasingly associated with complex clinical presentations and unknown mental and medical risks, presenting a growing challenge for mental health worldwide. Research exploring the interplay between substance use and psychiatric disorders remains limited in Eastern Europe. Objectives: We investigated the demographic and clinical features of 203 patients admitted to a major Romanian psychiatric hospital, aiming to clarify the patterns of dual diagnosis and symptomatology within this vulnerable population. Results: Cannabis, novel psychoactive substances and unknown substances were the most commonly used drugs. Psychiatric comorbidity was rather the rule than the exception within our group. Cluster analysis revealed three distinct symptom profiles: manic/psychotic, negative affective and disorganized. While individual drug type did not independently predict symptom severity or readmission risk, a significant interaction effect between drug use and psychiatric comorbidity influenced symptom cluster membership. Conclusions: These findings highlight the complexity and heterogeneity of dual diagnoses and underline the importance of an integrated, multidisciplinary approach in addiction medicine.