# Implementing Culture of Care in Germany

## TL;DR

A survey of 503 experts in Germany shows that a Culture of Care in animal research has not been fully established, despite its growing importance since 2002.

## Contribution

The paper provides new insights into the current state of Culture of Care implementation in German animal research institutions.

## Key findings

- A Culture of Care has not been fully established in German animal research institutions.
- Further research is needed to develop a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to Culture of Care.
- Experts in Germany show varied perceptions of Culture of Care and its implementation.

## Abstract

The 3Rs principles are an integral part in an animal research period. The implementation of the 3Rs principles is an essential part of daily routines and structural processes in animal research. Since 2002, a Culture of Care has been gaining prominence. A survey of 503 experts in Germany shows that it has not been fully established. Individual institutional steps for implementation can be recommended. Further research is needed to address the concrete implementation in different countries and research fields.

The implementation of the 3Rs principles is an essential part of daily routines and structural processes in animal research. The work of Russell and Burch regarding the 3Rs has been implemented in the field over the course of decades, but since 2002, the concept of a Culture of Care has come more to the forefront. In the present project, 503 experts in Germany were exploratively surveyed about their individual perceptions of Culture of Care and its implementation within their institutions. Using a questionnaire with closed questions (five-point agreement scale) and open questions, the data offer insights into Culture of Care in Germany. The results allow for the initial conclusion that a Culture of Care has not been fully established yet. Further research is needed to address a holistic and critical interdisciplinary Culture of Care that focuses on the animals’ perspective in a transformative way.