# Development of Three Different Anchovy-Based Fast-Food Products (Toast, Burger, and Pizza): Comparative Analysis of Sensory and Proximate Properties

## TL;DR

This study creates and evaluates three anchovy-based fast-food items (toast, burger, pizza) to assess their nutritional and sensory appeal.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is the development and analysis of anchovy-enriched fast-food products as nutritionally improved alternatives.

## Key findings

- Anchovy-enriched toast had the highest crude protein (18.64%) and crude ash (4.38%) content.
- Anchovy burger received the highest sensory scores for appearance (90%) and aroma (40%).
- All anchovy-based products were generally accepted by panelists in sensory evaluations.

## Abstract

This study aims to develop nutritionally improved alternative fast-food products by incorporating anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), a fish with high nutritional value, into three popular fast-food items (toast, burger, and pizza) frequently consumed by fast-food consumers. Anchovies, due to their rich content of omega-3 fatty acids, high-quality protein, vitamins A and D, and minerals, are a valuable food source for public health. Within the scope of this study, the nutritional compositions (crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, moisture, carbohydrate, energy) and sensory properties of the developed products were determined. According to the results of the analysis, the highest crude protein (18.64%) and crude ash (4.38%) content were found in anchovy-enriched toast, while the highest crude fat content (10.82%) was observed in anchovy burger (p < 0.05). Sensory analyses indicated that the panelists generally accepted all products. Specifically, the anchovy-enriched burger received the highest scores for appearance (90%) and aroma (40%). These findings demonstrate that anchovy-enriched fast-food products are both nutritionally rich and consumer-accepted, nutritionally improved food alternatives. Furthermore, this study identifies significant potential for utilizing aquatic products within the nutritionally enriched, seafood-based product sector.