# Pertussis in Infancy: A Case of Delayed Diagnosis

## TL;DR

A 13-month-old child was misdiagnosed with a viral infection before being correctly diagnosed with pertussis, highlighting the need for early recognition and vaccination.

## Contribution

The case emphasizes the importance of timely diagnosis and vaccination awareness to prevent severe complications.

## Key findings

- Early symptoms of pertussis can mimic viral infections, leading to delayed diagnosis.
- Timely PCR testing confirmed the diagnosis after the characteristic cough appeared.
- Prophylactic treatment was administered to close contacts to prevent further spread.

## Abstract

Bordetella pertussis is a gram-negative bacterium that primarily infects the respiratory tract. We report the case of a 13-month-old male patient who developed pertussis. At the initial clinic presentation, the diagnosis was not immediately considered, as the early manifestations closely mimicked those of a viral upper respiratory infection. As the illness progressed, the classic paroxysmal cough with inspiratory “whoop” became apparent, prompting the correct diagnosis. At that time, a nasopharyngeal swab was obtained, which tested positive for Bordetella pertussis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The patient was prescribed a five-day course of azithromycin, and close contacts were given prophylactic treatment.

This case underscores the critical importance of early recognition and timely diagnosis to prevent potentially life-threatening complications. It also highlights the necessity of vaccination awareness. Educating parents and caregivers on the benefits of immunization against vaccine-preventable diseases is essential to safeguard vulnerable individuals and to promote community-wide protection through herd immunity.