# Neuromyelitis Optica Mimicking Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report and a Comprehensive Review of the Literature

## TL;DR

A 25-year-old woman with symptoms resembling multiple sclerosis was diagnosed with neuromyelitis optica after testing positive for aquaporin-4 antibodies.

## Contribution

The case highlights the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing NMOSD from MS and underscores the importance of early targeted treatment.

## Key findings

- NMOSD can present with symptoms similar to multiple sclerosis, leading to potential misdiagnosis.
- Early detection of aquaporin-4 antibodies is crucial for accurate diagnosis and better patient outcomes.
- Timely immunotherapy improves clinical outcomes in atypical demyelinating disorders like NMOSD.

## Abstract

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) may mimic other neurological conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS). We report a 25‐year‐old woman with hypothyroidism and depression who presented with progressive quadriparesis. Positive aquaporin‐4 antibodies confirmed NMOSD. This case emphasizes the importance of considering NMOSD in patients with atypical demyelinating presentations and highlights the role of early diagnosis and targeted immunotherapy in improving outcomes.

Post‐gadolinium enhancement of the spinal cord seen in NMO.